{"id":559,"date":"2026-03-21T15:50:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-21T15:50:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/understanding-external-entities-data-flow\/"},"modified":"2026-03-21T15:50:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-21T15:50:50","slug":"understanding-external-entities-data-flow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vn\/understanding-external-entities-data-flow\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"Kawaii-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng: th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a xung quanh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i? \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t DFD, ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tham gia kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadp chi ti\u1ebft s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed ph\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u01b0. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110i\u1ec3m thu:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea3 hai:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m thu, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o sai n\u01a1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

    Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ranh gi\u1edbi \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ranh gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb bao quanh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

    Ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ranh gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n truy v\u1ea5n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\nQu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/td>\nC\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n, C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 CRM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f2ng ban g\u1eedi ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\nNh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, C\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nM\u00e1y qu\u00e9t, M\u00e1y in, C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda, trong khi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n API ho\u1eb7c giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ec7p. DFD ghi l\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng logic, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 hai k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho DFD. M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Gane v\u00e0 Sarson<\/h3>\n

    Trong phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong khung. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Yourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco<\/h3>\n

    Phong c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t theo k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Gane v\u00e0 Sarson, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng tin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00eam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. Nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d hay \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin\u201d s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c xem x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

      Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u0111\u00fang cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cD\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p DFD. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201cNh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u201d, th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh \u201cNh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u201d tr\u1eeb khi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

      N\u00ean tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. D\u00f9ng \u201cHR\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cNh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. T\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 1: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong>
      \nKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd g\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 2: C\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n<\/strong>
      \n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin thanh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng 3: Kho h\u00e0ng<\/strong>
      \nT\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m vi, kho h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kho h\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u00ec kho h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u1ed3n kho b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. DFD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

      Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n logic \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t; kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. DFD kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u logic v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      Khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u1ea1m vi. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

      Tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a. M\u1ed9t API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, x\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea3n ghi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, h\u00e3y gi\u1eef ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p do bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con.<\/p>\n

      S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed khi truy v\u1ebft s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":560,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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