{"id":1052,"date":"2026-03-23T01:24:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T01:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vn\/7-common-mistakes-data-flow-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-03-23T01:24:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T01:24:10","slug":"7-common-mistakes-data-flow-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vn\/7-common-mistakes-data-flow-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"7 Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a b\u1ea3y l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

1. Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Khi m\u1ed9t DFD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng g\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi email x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 email ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh mong \u0111\u1ee3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
  • D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    2. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho b\u1ed9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Ch\u00fang l\u01b0u gi\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c ghi v\u00e0o n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t “l\u1ed7 \u0111en” ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u00f3, th\u00ec kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ghi v\u00e0o kho nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ever \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb n\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u1edbp l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ph\u00eda sau (backend).<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i m\u1ecdi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng tin trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    3. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, b\u1ecf qua logic x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Trong m\u1ed9t DFD h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai kho, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 logic, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/th>\nLu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u2192 Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u2192 Quy tr\u00ecnh \u2192 Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2192 Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2192 Quy tr\u00ecnh \u2192 Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u2192 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u2192 Quy tr\u00ecnh \u2192 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p quy tr\u00ecnh duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n logic c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    4. Hi\u1ec3u sai c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tinh t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi v\u00e0o kho v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u0169i t\u00ean. M\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kho khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra kh\u1ecfi kho khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 hay kh\u00f4ng, hay n\u00f3 truy xu\u1ea5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3? K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n cho lu\u1ed3ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 thao t\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: “C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n ghi” ho\u1eb7c “L\u1ea5y s\u1ed1 d\u01b0”. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    5. S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 quy tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c DFD c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh (Context Diagram) hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 chia nh\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1.<\/p>\n

    Khi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng (flowchart) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y quy tr\u00ecnh con, n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1eef cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c quan s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Quy t\u1eafc chung:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n cu\u1ed9n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau:<\/strong> C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      6. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfm khi mang t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0nh vi. M\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb s\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. H\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

      7. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

      S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng” \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean “L\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u” b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean “Truy xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin” g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00f3. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng”), trong khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “T\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng”).<\/p>\n

      S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 hi\u1ec3u sai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y trong chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

      T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng? C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i trong DFD lan truy\u1ec1n qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i con tr\u1ecf null trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u1ebfu t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i DFD s\u1edbm s\u1ebd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

      Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00e0 so\u00e1t \u2705<\/h2>\n

      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y r\u00e0 so\u00e1t qua danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
      2. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
      3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
      4. H\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
      5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
      6. C\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
      7. C\u00e1c t\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1053,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"7 Sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \ud83d\uded1","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. 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