{"id":1040,"date":"2026-03-28T15:53:41","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T15:53:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vn\/myth-busting-state-diagrams-new-developers\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T15:53:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T15:53:41","slug":"myth-busting-state-diagrams-new-developers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vn\/myth-busting-state-diagrams-new-developers\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1 V\u1ee1 Nh\u1eefng Quan Ni\u1ec7m Sai L\u1ea7m V\u1ec1 Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 Tr\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1i: T\u00e1ch Bi\u1ec7t Hype Kh\u1ecfi Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf Cho C\u00e1c Nh\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n M\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i” v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 e ng\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean gia ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. H\u1ecd h\u00ecnh dung ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9tbi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i if-else \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FSM) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9tbi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecf, V\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c Xanh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng “\u0110\u1ecf v\u00e0 Xanh” \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn robot h\u00fat b\u1ee5i. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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  • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
  • Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

    Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m 1: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \ud83e\udd2f<\/h2>\n

    Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m dai d\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh l\u1ed3ng nhauif<\/code>v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 logic. Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh nh\u1ecf, n\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra:Email c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng? M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? Email \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u01b0a?<\/em>Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u00e3 t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, ch\u01b0a g\u1eedi email.<\/li>\n
    • Ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c minh:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e3 g\u1eedi email, \u0111ang ch\u1edd nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Email \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
    • B\u1ecb c\u1ea5m:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi ph\u1ea1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb “B\u1ecb c\u1ea5m” sang “\u0110ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua quy tr\u00ecnh xem x\u00e9t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

      Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m 2: B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1ebd chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 duy<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng logic v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong m\u00e3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\nNh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ef1c quan<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1ec5 chia s\u1ebb, t\u1ed5ng quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.<\/td>\nC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi m\u00e3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi.<\/td>\n\u00cdt tr\u1ef1c quan ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u + M\u00e3)<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/td>\n\u0110\u00f2i h\u1ecfi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1eb9p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd n\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng hay \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 trong t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau.<\/p>\n

      Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m 3: Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng nh\u00fang \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd logic m\u1ea1ch. Do \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n web cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 backend \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/p>\n

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      • \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u00e3 thanh to\u00e1n<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u00e3 giao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u00e3 ho\u00e0n tr\u1ea3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng “Ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n” tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t”. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng “Giao h\u00e0ng” cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “Thanh to\u00e1n”. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn cho logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m 4: M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

        M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt duy nh\u1ea5t. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc lu\u1ed3ng t\u1ed5ng quan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0m r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trung dung. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec c\u00e1i kia. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hai m\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1ecf v\u1ec1 “Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft” m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

        Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi:<\/strong> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m.<\/li>\n
        • Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
        • G\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng API n\u01a1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m 5: Ch\u00fang thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n logic \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

          M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u0169a th\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 thay b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng<\/em> v\u00e0 logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5<\/em>. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp x\u1eed l\u00fd logic. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e2ng cao l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u00f4.<\/p>\n

          H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u0110ang ph\u00e1t<\/strong>, \u0110\u00e3 t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng<\/strong>, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e3 d\u1eebng<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0110ang ph\u00e1t<\/strong> c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110ang \u0111\u1ec7m<\/strong> ho\u1eb7c S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp cho m\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c cho \u0110\u00e3 d\u1eebng<\/strong> \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con c\u1ee7a \u0110ang ph\u00e1t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic cho vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o<\/strong> cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cha \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
          • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed:<\/strong> Cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi nh\u1eadp l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cha.<\/li>\n
          • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u01a1i m\u00e1y d\u1eebng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Khi n\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\udcc5<\/h2>\n

            B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang khi:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Logic phi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3), m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
            • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1eb7n lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
            • Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
            • Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i khi tri\u1ec3n khai logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n

              1. B\u1ecf qua \u201cTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ecdi m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i A v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n X nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o cho n\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u00eam \u00e1i ho\u1eb7c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

              2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

              S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1eebng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ngay trong s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. H\u00e3y truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng tham s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra\u201d.<\/p>\n

              3. G\u1eafn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng (UI)<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n xem c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 10 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ea1o 10 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201c\u0110ang l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

              4. Qu\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra<\/h3>\n

              Khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi tho\u00e1t ra, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o<\/strong> v\u00e0h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ra<\/strong> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1eebng tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc logic n\u00e0y v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

              V\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh \ud83c\udfe0<\/h2>\n

              H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng minh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i:<\/strong> Ch\u1edd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110ang s\u01b0\u1edfi:<\/strong> B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110ang l\u00e0m m\u00e1t:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea1t \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
              • T\u1eaft:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i\u0110ang s\u01b0\u1edfi<\/strong> v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n sang Ch\u1edd<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n T\u1eaft<\/strong> b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Logic \u01b0u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t qua m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

                \nif (mode == HEATING && target < current) {\n  stopHeating();\n}\nif (mode == COOLING && target < current) {\n  stopCooling();\n}\n\/\/ ... v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/code><\/pre>\n
                V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i T\u1eaft<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. M\u1ecdi l\u1ec7nh t\u1eaft t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n
                L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tri\u1ec3n khai ngay h\u00f4m nay \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n
                B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t module c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p. N\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n
                M\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, h\u00e3y t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng logic c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n mong manh h\u01a1n b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n
                C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, Phi\u00ean).<\/li>\n
                • Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00fang ra. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao.<\/li>\n
                • Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t, Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i API, B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian).<\/li>\n
                • V\u1ebd c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> N\u1ed1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                • Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 cho logic:<\/strong> Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea1n \u01b0a th\u00edch.<\/li>\n
                • Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y. G\u1eedi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n
                  C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c khung l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan hay th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e3, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n
                  Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. C\u00e1c vi d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, h\u00e0m serverless v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
                  T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n
                  \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u n\u00e0y, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  • S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 logic, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng.<\/li>\n
                  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho web, di \u0111\u1ed9ng, backend v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
                  • R\u00e0o ch\u1eafn an to\u00e0n:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
                  • H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh + M\u00e3:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1; h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf:<\/strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfi logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u1ec5 suy lu\u1eadn, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n
                    H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda m\u00f4-\u0111un ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f5 ph\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                    Ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i” v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \ud83d\ude80","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u00e3y h\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[40,41],"class_list":["post-1040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-state-machine-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nPh\u00e1 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean \ud83d\ude80<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 th\u1ed5i ph\u1ed3ng kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. 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