{"id":940,"date":"2026-03-22T02:42:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T02:42:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/using-data-flow-diagrams-for-refactoring\/"},"modified":"2026-03-22T02:42:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T02:42:09","slug":"using-data-flow-diagrams-for-refactoring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/using-data-flow-diagrams-for-refactoring\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho vi\u1ec7c T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Comic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong su\u1ed1t chu k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a DFD trong t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tho\u00e1t ra. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 (t\u00ednh g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logic. M\u1ed9t DFD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ngay c\u1ea3 khi tri\u1ec3n khai b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c module, tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t module, DFD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng an to\u00e0n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DFD mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> N\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c module m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c minh logic:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin. M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Khi ghi ch\u00e9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thu\u1ebf, h\u00e3y bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1eebng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng m\u00e3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 r\u1ed1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. H\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t DFD Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
    2. Theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
    3. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong> V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y sang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    4. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00fa n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
    5. X\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u1eabu cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean k\u1ebft (coupling). N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1edfi m\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c ghi, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. DFD gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u201ck\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0o. C\u1ea3 hai t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u cho th\u1ea5y logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3ng 1 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c DFD c\u0169 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nH\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp trung gian ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed5ng API.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\nT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 con.<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n n\u01a1i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd lan truy\u1ec1n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 To-Be \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 To-Be. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sau khi t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

      Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i To-Be, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec giao di\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn b\u00ean trong m\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 sang h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf To-Be bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u0169i t\u00ean. \u00cdt di chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00edt chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
      • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        V\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n then ch\u1ed1t khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft g\u1eb7p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 To-Be th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i logic module.<\/p>\n

        Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 As-Is v\u00e0 To-Be c\u1ea1nh nhau l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i hay kh\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

        X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u2705<\/h2>\n

        T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. M\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 To-Be tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ed7i khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed7i khi th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u201cch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n b\u1edfi ng\u00e0n nh\u00e1t dao\u201d khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

        H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y chia s\u1ebb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n chung v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n, giao ti\u1ebfp tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 duy tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t theo th\u1eddi gian. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p khung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac | H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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