{"id":934,"date":"2026-03-22T06:29:41","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T06:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-symbols-beginners-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-22T06:29:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-22T06:29:41","slug":"data-flow-diagram-symbols-beginners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-symbols-beginners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u Cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1edbi B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hay s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

DFD l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed1n K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u C\u1ed1t L\u00f5i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 Yourdon\/DeMarco hay Gane\/Sarson), nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u Di\u1ec5n H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh<\/th>\nCh\u1ee9c N\u0103ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh Ch\u1eef Nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nNgu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh Tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c H\u00ecnh Ch\u1eef Nh\u1eadt Bo<\/td>\nBi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kho D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh Ch\u1eef Nh\u1eadt M\u1edf<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i T\u00ean<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

1. Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i \ud83d\udce6<\/h3>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng ban.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh elip. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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  • \u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ea7u ra:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    2. Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo. B\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00ednh T\u1ed5ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1.1\u201d, \u201cQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh 1.2\u201d, v.v. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc1<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 logic, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song. T\u00ean b\u00ean trong kho ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u1eadp tin Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110\u1ecdc:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb kho \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
    • Ghi:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kho. R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd giao nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd do d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

      4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u27a1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c g\u00f3i th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n qua n\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea3n ghi \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n

      M\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n theo c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai m\u0169i t\u00ean ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin\u201d. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 Giao h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o H\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho\u201d.<\/p>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 DFD \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo t\u1eebng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n

      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cBi\u00ean gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?\u201d<\/p>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n \u0111i.<\/p>\n

      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1: C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Kho h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd Giao h\u00e0ng\u201d. M\u1ed7i m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

      C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2: Logic chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 2 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ri\u00eang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

      \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

      Quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u2705<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u sai.<\/p>\n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

      Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 ID\u201d tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed1 \u0111en hay ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed1 \u0111en\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 sai. M\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p m\u00e0u\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i logic trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

      Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n tr\u1eeb khi logic thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

      H\u01b0\u1edbng m\u0169i t\u00ean<\/h3>\n

      M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i. Kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean giao nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n u\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu hai lu\u1ed3ng giao nhau, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

      DFD so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

      R\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (h\u00ecnh thoi), v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 mang t\u00ednh quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c thi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p hay logic quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u201cC\u00e1i g\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u\u201d c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i?\u201d<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh thoi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n logic, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111i k\u00e8m s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

      \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

      Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u1ebd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

      Ti\u1ebfp theo, chuy\u1ec3n sang M\u1ee9c 1. Chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      Xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. H\u1ecfi xem c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y,\u201d h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3,\u201d h\u00e3y \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e1c minh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \ud83c\udf1f<\/h2>\n

      Gi\u1eef s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang \u1edf m\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con \u0111\u1ec3 chia nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t trang n\u1ebfu v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/p>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Yourdon\/DeMarco ho\u1eb7c Gane\/Sarson) s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e9o nhau, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u \u201cnh\u1ea3y\u201d ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng giao nhau.<\/p>\n

      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

      T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
      • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>B\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Kho:<\/strong>B\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean. Di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        N\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ghi ch\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

        B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi ti\u1ebft. X\u00e1c minh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[40,45],"class_list":["post-934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-flow-diagram","tag-academic","tag-data-flow-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagram-symbols-beginners-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. 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