{"id":879,"date":"2026-03-24T04:34:39","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T04:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-vs-uml-models\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T04:34:39","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T04:34:39","slug":"data-flow-diagrams-vs-uml-models","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-flow-diagrams-vs-uml-models\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh nhau v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd: s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf gi\u1eefa hai chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac gi\u1eefa DFD v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u1eebng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean chung chung.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd04 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, DFD t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay l\u1edbp x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/li>\n
  • Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, cho th\u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

    DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem x\u00e9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 0 (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh):<\/strong>M\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 2:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 1 th\u00e0nh logic chi ti\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a DFD n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hay logic kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 logic giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

      \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML<\/h2>\n

      Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi DFD, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, UML bao qu\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML ch\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

      UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh vi.<\/p>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h4>\n
        \n
      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp:<\/strong>L\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, thao t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p).<\/li>\n
      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ec7p tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c thi, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Minh h\u1ecda ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u00fat (thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00e0nh vi<\/h4>\n
          \n
        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, ch\u00fang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u2699\ufe0f S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h2>\n

          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh, trong khi UML l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

          T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

          Trong DFD, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ‘\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng’ l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hay h\u00e0nh vi. Trong UML, l\u1edbp l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn UML ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda.<\/p>\n

          G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

          DFD v\u1ed1n d\u0129 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng; ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 hay m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t DFD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 backend c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

          DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean. Ch\u00fang tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1edd \u0111i logic kinh doanh c\u1ea5p cao.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/th>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nDi chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nC\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/td>\nThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/td>\nL\u1edbp v\u00e0 Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi<\/strong><\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng giao d\u1ecbch<\/td>\nKi\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td>\nCao<\/td>\nTrung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5p (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \ud83e\udde9 Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd di chuy\u1ec3n qua t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
          2. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed, x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho, n\u01a1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
          3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> Khi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a m\u00e3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
          4. Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng tin c\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \ud83d\udccb Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML<\/h2>\n

            Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng UML khi:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu codebase ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o l\u1edbp, giao di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 L\u1edbp v\u00e0 Chu\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a UML l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
            2. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c microservices n\u01a1i truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Chu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
            3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201cCh\u1edd x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d sang \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao\u201d r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u00e3 giao th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu.<\/li>\n
            4. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \ud83d\ude80 T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa DFD v\u00e0 UML. Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, hai c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song. M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi kinh doanh, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

              Duy tr\u00ec T\u00ednh Nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

              Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd sang c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML. N\u1ebfu DFD hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d, th\u00ec UML ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u201cTaxCalculator\u201d th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169.<\/p>\n

              Tr\u00e1nh M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

              M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, m\u1ed9t DFD ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed1i m\u1eaft. H\u00e3y nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

              Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

              Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong DFD, sau \u0111\u00f3 lan truy\u1ec1n sang c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng Sai l\u1ea7m Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n

              Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i khi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • B\u1ecf qua Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Trong DFD, qu\u00ean g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n cho c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Trong UML, b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
              • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn C\u00e1c \u1ea2nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o DFD. M\u1ed9t DFD kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb k\u1ebf th\u1eeba hay \u0111a h\u00ecnh. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
              • L\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t DFD c\u1ea5p 0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Use Case kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
              • Thi\u1ebfu Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \ud83d\udd0d Nh\u1eefng Suy ngh\u0129 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7c L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. DFD cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kinh doanh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh. UML cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng DFD \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng kinh doanh, sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang UML \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi duy tr\u00ec n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML: So s\u00e1nh K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 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