{"id":869,"date":"2026-03-24T08:39:16","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T08:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/analyzing-data-movement-paths-dfd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T08:39:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T08:39:16","slug":"analyzing-data-movement-paths-dfd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/analyzing-data-movement-paths-dfd\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u00e1c \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110i Di Chuy\u1ec3n D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Khi ch\u00fang ta v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD), ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i; ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Di Chuy\u1ec3n D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch di chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Th\u1ec3 B\u00ean Ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng logic ho\u1eb7c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Kho D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c Lu\u1ed3ng D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ghi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cth\u00f4ng tin\u201d hay \u201cd\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1edd b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n giao, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c M\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ed9 Chi Ti\u1ebft trong V\u1ebd S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

    Di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 t\u0129nh; n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng byte th\u00f4ng tin. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

    1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh (M\u1ee9c 0)<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t cho th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i?<\/p>\n

    2. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 1<\/h3>\n

    \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ed9p \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5p cao di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft logic nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

    3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 M\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 Th\u1ea5p H\u01a1n<\/h3>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 1 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110i \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

    Theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ea7u V\u00e0o<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Theo m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo. N\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef? N\u1ebfu \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c minh C\u00e1c Bi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

    Khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea7u ra c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy lu\u1eadn h\u1ee3p l\u00fd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00f4i khi, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cph\u00e9p m\u00e0u\u201d v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ki\u1ec3m tra C\u00e1c Kho D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi. M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kho, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ch\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1eeb khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Theo D\u00f5i C\u00e1c N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea7u Ra<\/h3>\n

    D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ch\u00fang s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    L\u1ed7 \u0111en<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Logic c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nowhere. Logic ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\nM\u1ea5t t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Xung \u0111\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh ghi v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a.<\/td>\nV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \ud83d\udd12<\/h2>\n

    B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m<\/h3>\n

    Theo d\u00f5i th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PII) ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t kho, vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef c\u1eeda ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c cho t\u1eebng quy tr\u00ecnh. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kho n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed. N\u00f3 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn<\/h3>\n

    T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i qua m\u01b0\u1eddi quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u1eadm. Gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/h3>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn ba quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chung hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 truy v\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y truy v\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u1ed9t kho, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

    Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n. C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t hay ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD)<\/h3>\n

    Trong khi DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n, ERD l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t \u201cCustomerID\u201d nh\u01b0ng ERD \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cClientNum\u201d, th\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

    DFD cho th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o di chuy\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y khi n\u00e0o. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, lu\u1ed3ng \u201cPaymentReceived\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eeb \u201cPending\u201d sang \u201cShipped\u201d.<\/p>\n

    K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u2705<\/h2>\n

    S\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch theo d\u00f5i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1eebng m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. N\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Khi ch\u00fang ta v\u1ebd s\u01a1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho DFDs \ud83d\udee4\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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