{"id":857,"date":"2026-03-24T17:17:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T17:17:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/integrating-data-flow-diagrams-into-sdlc\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T17:17:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T17:17:28","slug":"integrating-data-flow-diagrams-into-sdlc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/integrating-data-flow-diagrams-into-sdlc\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: T\u00edch h\u1ee3p S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o SDLC"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD). Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0o Chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDLC), DFD cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD v\u00e0o t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a SDLC m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 D\u00f2ng D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd, n\u01a1i n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u00f3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a DFD bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c). \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng, x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o). \u2699\ufe0f<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>N\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eadp tin). \ud83d\udcc2<\/li>\n
  • Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. \u27a1\ufe0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    DFD th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1eeb tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh SDLC \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    Chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong khung th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y. M\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/li>\n
    2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong>Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
    3. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    4. Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
    5. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
    6. B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sau khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      T\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD trong Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

      Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi hay kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t DFD c\u1ea5p cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb s\u1edbm, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi sau n\u00e0y trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

      L\u1ee3i \u00edch trong L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch:<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      • L\u00e0m r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \ud83d\udea7<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n
      • Cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

        Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 0, chia qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 1, chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 0 th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

        \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi logic kinh doanh. M\u1ed7i kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra cho t\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con.<\/li>\n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\nLi\u00ean k\u1ebft y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/th>\nPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c minh<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nVai tr\u00f2 b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/td>\nPh\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \/ Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nTh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 giao di\u1ec7n<\/td>\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u API<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i API ho\u1eb7c truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp. \ud83d\udd12<\/li>\n
          • Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ed7i; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. DFD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

            Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. M\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 DFD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec DFD lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

            Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec:<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Nh\u1eadn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
            2. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u1ea5p DFD li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
            3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li>\n
            4. Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/li>\n
            5. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

              \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o DFD mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh sau:<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i diagram b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem. \ud83e\uddf9<\/li>\n
              2. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n
              3. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem DFD nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong kho v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
              4. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
              5. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n DFD v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

                Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qu\u00ean.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Coi vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

                Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c 2: S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cM\u00e3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d).<\/p>\n

                Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c 3: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ecdi chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ea5p cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. D\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

                \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

                L\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3? H\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m quen:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u1edd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (SDLC), ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                  Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                  \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m | C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[40,45],"class_list":["post-857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-flow-diagram","tag-academic","tag-data-flow-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m | C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. 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