{"id":727,"date":"2026-03-27T10:12:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/avoiding-deadlocks-state-diagram-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T10:12:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T10:12:34","slug":"avoiding-deadlocks-state-diagram-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/avoiding-deadlocks-state-diagram-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y: Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o quan tr\u1ecdng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi logic b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y x\u1ea3y ra khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m d\u1eebng th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. \u23f8\ufe0f<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng song song, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. \ud83d\udd12<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde0 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n (FSM) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eebng logic. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eadp, ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng d\u00f9 v\u1eabn \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o v\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ra th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. N\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi do m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y:<\/p>\n

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  • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ra:<\/strong> Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0o d\u1eabn ra kh\u1ecfi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i) nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u01b0 duy thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i sau khi x\u1ea3y ra. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. \ud83d\udcc9<\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

    Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

    1. Thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n

    Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 thi ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n) kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “b\u1eaby”. \u274c<\/p>\n

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    • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7.<\/li>\n
    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. M\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3y ra khi hai chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea3 thi n\u00e0o. \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n

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      • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp A (n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m > 10) v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp B (n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m < 5). \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng 10? N\u1ebfu logic nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/h3>\n

        Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i A ch\u1edd Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B ch\u1edd Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i A x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t deadlock \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u23f3<\/p>\n

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        • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>Logic b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n theo c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd ho\u1eb7c cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          4. X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 khi t\u00e1i nh\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a. \ud83d\udd04<\/p>\n

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          • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>M\u00e1y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi m\u00e1y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f C\u00e1c m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; ch\u00fang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hay khung tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00e0o. \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n

            1. M\u1eabu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00e0nh vi m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n. \ud83d\udccd<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u201cb\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d cho m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru.<\/li>\n
            • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>Ng\u0103n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. M\u1eabu b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd<\/h3>\n

              \u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. \u23f1\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cH\u1ebft h\u1ea1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm\u201d).<\/li>\n
              • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. M\u1eabu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i song song<\/h3>\n

                Trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n chia m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. \u26a1<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
                • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a logic b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t, khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  4. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ed7i<\/h3>\n

                  Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ngay sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i, th\u1eed l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \ud83d\ude91<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ‘L\u1ed7i’ ho\u1eb7c ‘Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i’ ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
                  • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    \ud83d\udcca So s\u00e1nh: K\u1eb9t v\u00f2ng vs. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n

                    \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1eb9t v\u00f2ng, h\u00e3y xem b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh sau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/th>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1eb9t v\u00f2ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                    Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/td>\n\u00cdt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ra h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ra n\u00e0o th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Logic b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o li\u00ean quan.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    X\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y d\u1eebng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                    Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n can thi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                    \ud83e\uddea Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed<\/h2>\n

                    Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c h\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \ud83e\uddea<\/p>\n

                    1. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                    Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c minh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra k\u1eb9t v\u00f2ng\u201d. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \ud83d\udd22<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                    • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      2. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bao ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bao ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y \u1ea9n hay kh\u00f4ng. \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed bu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a.<\/li>\n
                      • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        3. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n

                        G\u1eedi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, null ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c treo khi nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea5u. N\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an to\u00e0n. \ud83c\udf2a\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>T\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c \u1edf bi\u00ean v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh vi.<\/li>\n
                        • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          4. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh<\/h3>\n

                          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y m\u00e3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean ra. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \ud83d\udd0e<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c script ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                          • K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \ud83d\udd04 X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i song song<\/h2>\n

                            T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Khi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh song song kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7n l\u1eabn nhau. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                            1. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/h3>\n

                            \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i song song th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i A \u1edf V\u00f9ng 1 c\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B \u1edf V\u00f9ng 2, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c. Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. \ud83d\udea7<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c.<\/li>\n
                            • L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bus s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ch\u1eb7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              2. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/h3>\n

                              \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, V\u00f9ng A ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi V\u00f9ng B b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p s\u1eb5n b\u1edfi khung c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kh\u00f3a th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u1eeb khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                              • Thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ch\u1edd cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                \u2699\ufe0f H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra<\/h2>\n

                                H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y khi v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i treo tinh vi. \u26a0\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                                1. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n<\/h3>\n

                                N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i (nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ng) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1ecb treo, m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb treo. \ud83d\udd78\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n
                                • Thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong>Chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1eb7ng sang c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201c\u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  2. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ra<\/h3>\n

                                  M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ra kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. \ud83d\udd04<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ra kh\u00f4ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/li>\n
                                  • Thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec7 quy c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    \ud83d\udcdd Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra xem x\u00e9t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

                                    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i treo th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. \u2705<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                    M\u1ee5c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ea1t \/ Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t<\/th>\nGhi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                                    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    M\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ra kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng)?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    C\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang ch\u1edd kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng song song c\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    C\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ed7i to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                    C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n ch\u01b0a?<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                    \ud83d\udd0d T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u: C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bi\u00ean<\/h2>\n

                                    Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bi\u00ean v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ecdt qua. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. \ud83c\udf10<\/p>\n

                                    1. B\u1eaby \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/h3>\n

                                    Khi hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1eed l\u00fd S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n A tr\u01b0\u1edbc S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd B tr\u01b0\u1edbc A, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. \u26a1<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                      2. B\u1eaby c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                                      M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u). N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd s\u1ebd v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. \ud83d\udcbe<\/p>\n

                                        \n
                                      • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng gi\u00fap ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng suy gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                        3. B\u1eaby l\u1ec7ch c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

                                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i A, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ec7p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i B. N\u1ebfu logic chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7. \ud83d\udcc4<\/p>\n

                                          \n
                                        • Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c minh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                          \ud83d\ude80 Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/h2>\n

                                          X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, logic b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                                          H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo. C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng mang theo l\u1ed7i c\u0169. Gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, logic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i lu\u00f4n minh b\u1ea1ch. \ud83d\udd04<\/p>\n

                                          Khi b\u1ea1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec sau n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \ud83d\udcc8<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                          Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y: Nh\u1eefng m\u1eb9o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u2699\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. 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