{"id":681,"date":"2026-03-28T09:54:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T09:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/state-diagram-notation-guide-uml-msc-beginners\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T09:54:11","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T09:54:11","slug":"state-diagram-notation-guide-uml-msc-beginners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/state-diagram-notation-guide-uml-msc-beginners\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: UML, MSC v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0m g\u00ec; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebftkhi<\/em> ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o UML (Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 MSC (Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn). Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83e\udde9 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i) m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
  • \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y sang \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c (chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp)?<\/li>\n
  • \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng)?<\/li>\n
  • \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0otr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong>c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i duy tr\u00ec, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML: Chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n

    Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML) l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 2.x c\u1ee7a UML \u0111\u00e3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c bo tr\u00f2n. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ed1i hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng trong d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng[ ]<\/code>. Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c khi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi sau d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e9o\/<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. \u0110i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ra<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u0129nh; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Khi m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. Khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

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      • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o (entry \/):<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
      • Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (do \/):<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi trong khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eabn \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 quay ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y.<\/li>\n
      • H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1eddi (exit \/):<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t Gi\u1ecf h\u00e0ng mua s\u1eafm tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn<\/strong> t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, khi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng entry \/ validate_stock()<\/code> h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p do \/ update_inventory()<\/code> v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. Khi r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng exit \/ send_confirmation()<\/code>.<\/p>\n

        3. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

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        • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
        • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n tr\u00f2n (d\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udce1 MSC: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn<\/h2>\n

          Trong khi UML t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t, MSC (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng nhau ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

          K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u MSC \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho:<\/p>\n

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          • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n
          • Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Trong MSC, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u1eb1m ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn. Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 sung cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5yai<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udee0 B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nT\u00ean<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a UML<\/th>\nC\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u25cf (V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y)<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u<\/td>\nB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nLu\u00f4n l\u00e0 n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u25ce (M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau)<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/td>\nK\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nK\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u2b1c (H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo tr\u00f2n)<\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1edf, \u0110\u00f3ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u27a1\ufe0f (M\u0169i t\u00ean)<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u25c0 (H\u00ecnh thoi)<\/td>\nN\u00fat ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nR\u1ebd nh\u00e1nh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n\u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u2b24 (V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y)<\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/td>\nQuay l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/td>\nQuay l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \ud83d\udd17 (Li\u00ean k\u1ebft)<\/td>\nGh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i<\/td>\nG\u1ed9p c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng song song<\/td>\nK\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \ud83d\ude80 C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m UML n\u00e2ng cao<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng UML n\u00e2ng cao. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

            1. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p (Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con)<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1eadt<\/code>, \u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u1eaft<\/code>, v\u00e0 Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eafm<\/code>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cha \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con c\u0169ng s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

            2. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c (T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi)<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb li\u1ec1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh<\/code> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang s\u1ea1c<\/code> trong khi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i M\u00e0n h\u00ecnh b\u1eadt<\/code> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ea1y song song v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

            3. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n gi\u00fap qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • L\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00e2u:<\/strong>T\u00e1i nh\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n
            • L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00f4ng:<\/strong>T\u00e1i nh\u1eadp tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
            • Chia nh\u00e1nh:<\/strong>Chia m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
            • Gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i:<\/strong>Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udcdd C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h2>\n

              T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c; t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1t<\/em>s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. Tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n duy nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb7t logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u00ean trong t\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
              • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft hoa) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb).<\/li>\n
              • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
              • Tr\u00e1nh tham chi\u1ebfu ch\u00e9o:<\/strong>H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea3y d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
              • G\u1eafn nh\u00e3n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n mang t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3. Thay v\u00ec e1<\/code>, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng user_login_attempt<\/code>.<\/li>\n
              • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t; h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafn:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tho\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp ra (ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft ch\u1eafn ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
                • Thi\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
                • Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udd17 Ngo\u00e0i UML: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Harel<\/h2>\n

                  Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi UML tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, David Harel \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i UML \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Harel. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i AND:<\/strong>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c trong UML.<\/li>\n
                  • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb-OR:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch khi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y ra \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc UML 2.x.<\/p>\n

                    \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

                    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/code> kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sang Ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t<\/code> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng<\/code>s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udccc T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n
                        \n
                      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                      • UML cung c\u1ea5p k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
                      • MSC b\u1ed5 sung cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                      • C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng logic quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
                      • Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp trong nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y trong b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u00e0m g\u00ec; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebftkhi ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":682,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: UML v\u00e0 MSC cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 MSC. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[40,41],"class_list":["post-681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uml","tag-academic","tag-state-machine-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: UML v\u00e0 MSC cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u UML v\u00e0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 MSC. 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