{"id":657,"date":"2026-03-29T07:09:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T07:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/accessibility-in-ux-design-checklist\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T07:09:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T07:09:17","slug":"accessibility-in-ux-design-checklist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/accessibility-in-ux-design-checklist\/","title":{"rendered":"Truy c\u1eadp trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UX: Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00f9y \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Truy c\u1eadp trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UX bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh bao h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang web tr\u00ean Internet. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn, nghe, di chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c suy gi\u1ea3m, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 duy bao h\u00e0m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

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\"Child-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn Truy c\u1eadp N\u1ed9i dung Web (WCAG). C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xung quanh b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft POUR. M\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft:<\/strong>Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea1m.<\/li>\n
  • D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong>N\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 truy c\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

    Khung WCAG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n WCAG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7: A, AA v\u00e0 AAA. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 A l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 AA gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd. C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 AAA l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 cao nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho m\u1ecdi n\u1ed9i dung.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 AA c\u1ee7a WCAG 2.1 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc<\/th>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nC\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/th>\nT\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/td>\nC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nC\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft<\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc<\/td>\nAA<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1ecb l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c<\/td>\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean trang.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    D\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u1ec1n v\u1eefng<\/td>\nM\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/td>\nA<\/td>\nC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c quan th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc hay \u00e2m thanh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n th\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e0u. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4,5:1, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn (18pt ho\u1eb7c in \u0111\u1eadm 14pt) l\u00e0 3:1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ed1i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf. H\u00e3y th\u00eam bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 m\u00e0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n

    L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n (sans-serif) cho giao di\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef in hoa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1edbn, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ee7, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1,5 l\u1ea7n k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f4ng ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o nhau.<\/p>\n

    Thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 200% m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed9i dung thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c khung c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \ud83d\uddb1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thao t\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi giao di\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

    \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm<\/h3>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u00e0n ph\u00edm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ed9t, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u00edch d\u00f9ng ph\u00edm t\u1eaft. M\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u00edm Tab. Bao g\u1ed3m n\u00fat b\u1ea5m, li\u00ean k\u1ebft, tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n ph\u00edm Tab, t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n qua n\u1ed9i dung theo \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean hay ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c quan thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung<\/h3>\n

    Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5n Tab \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n qua trang, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung. Vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec1n m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t v\u00ec l\u00fd do th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng phong c\u00e1ch t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung \u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i truy c\u1eadp l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i di chu\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1m<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c nh\u1ecf d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i. K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 44\u00d744 pixel. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00fang ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

    Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ch\u1ea1m c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u00fat qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nhau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t nh\u1ea7m. H\u00e3y cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

    N\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    N\u1ed9i dung ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho trang. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea3y t\u1eeb ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y sang ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng H1, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn H2, H3, v.v. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ed7i trang ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb H1. Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a trang. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfp theo chia nh\u1ecf n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng qu\u00e9t nhanh trang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

    Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n<\/h3>\n

    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a trang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t \u00e2m t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u00e3n cho bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e3n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng (placeholder) l\u00e0m nh\u00e3n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00f5. H\u00e3y d\u00f9ng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/h3>\n

    V\u0103n b\u1ea3n li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam\u201d nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0111\u1ecdc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn truy c\u1eadp\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ct\u1ea3i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u2705<\/h2>\n

    T\u00edch h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Qu\u00e9t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n thay th\u1ebf, l\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00e3 HTML kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y qu\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch hay h\u1ee3p l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c minh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eadp trung. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o t\u1eadp trung hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

    Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/h3>\n

    S\u1ef1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u1eadt. H\u00e3y bao g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt trong nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ghi ch\u00fa l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

    H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt M\u1ef9 (ADA) v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n 508 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

    V\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tham gia x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb.
      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ch\u00f3i chang ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed3n \u00e0o.<\/li>\n
    • Suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u00e9m th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.
      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
    • Suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai qu\u00e1 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.
      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng sau khi ra m\u1eaft t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00f3 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
    • Suy ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.
      Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Lu\u00f4n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao dung \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

      T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u1ed9i dung. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t v\u0103n h\u00f3a bao dung \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

      Cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc POUR. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed9i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd do \u201ct\u1ea1i sao\u201d, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cl\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u201d h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

      Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn phong c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng. Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o pipeline CI\/CD \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1ed3i quy s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n

      Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \ud83d\udd2e<\/h2>\n

      B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea3o \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn WCAG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n tin ng\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. B\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UX hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      T\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00f9y \u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":658,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UX: Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u267f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf UX bao dung. 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