{"id":569,"date":"2026-03-20T19:04:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T19:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-store-vs-process-key-differences\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T19:04:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T19:04:07","slug":"data-store-vs-process-key-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/data-store-vs-process-key-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Infographic<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, hai k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3: Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong> v\u00e0 C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd04 \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en. B\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi logic bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd39 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n
    \n
  • Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111i v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra tho\u00e1t ra.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c thi.<\/li>\n
  • H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p logic trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh DFD.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf<\/em>, X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>, T\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udd39 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ed9p \u0111en<\/h3>\n

    Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u1ea5p cao, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111en. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em> x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em> x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n ghi giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb, tr\u00ean \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a hay th\u00f4ng qua API t\u1eeb xa. S\u1ef1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, logic b\u00ean trong tr\u1edf n\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. N\u00f3 gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy xu\u1ea5t n\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd39 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kho ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c ghi v\u00e0o ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
    • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng danh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, T\u1eadp tin \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, S\u1ed5 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd t\u1ed3n kho<\/em>).<\/li>\n
    • M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t kho. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kho kh\u00e1c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho ch\u1ee9a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kho ch\u1ee9a<\/h3>\n

      H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ec7 s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch; h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ec7 s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch; ch\u00fang gi\u1eef ch\u00fang \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ra (thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc). Khi m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3 l\u00ean k\u1ec7 (thao t\u00e1c ghi).<\/p>\n

      Trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin ph\u1eb3ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u DFD t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng SQL hay m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp tin v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, vai tr\u00f2 logic l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

      \u26a1 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ecdc – ghi<\/h3>\n

      Khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecdc. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong logic bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y thao t\u00e1c ghi. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      Quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hai kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kho n\u00e0y sang kho kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. Quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 logic ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ngay c\u1ea3 khi logic \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t API b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xem c\u00f3 n\u00ean l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho ch\u1ee9a hay lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf n\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udccb B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/th>\nKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \/ H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef \/ B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt)<\/td>\nDanh t\u1eeb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: B\u1ea3ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/td>\nCh\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng (Ch\u1ea1y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t)<\/td>\nB\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng (Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c thi)<\/td>\nB\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/td>\nK\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \ud83e\udde9 Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean<\/h2>\n

      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ean n\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean chung chung nh\u01b0 \u201cL\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d hay \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd.\u201d Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp\u201d t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.\u201d S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u ngay y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

      T\u00ean n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u201cOrders\u201d ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. \u201cOrder\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p giao d\u1ecbch duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t kho ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/p>\n

      Khi \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u1ea1m vi. M\u1ed9t kho t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cDatabase\u201d qu\u00e1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. \u201cC\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u1eadt k\u00fd giao d\u1ecbch\u201d cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sang c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \ud83e\uddea Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9<\/h2>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p cao (S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. Khi b\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0 so v\u1edbi C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1<\/h3>\n

      Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh. \u1ede c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u00e9p tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 0, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1, tr\u1eeb khi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho kh\u00e1c). T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      \ud83d\udd39 C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

      M\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.\u201d C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kho xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cha, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb chia t\u00e1ch, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn kho ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t ph\u1ea7n chia t\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

      \u26a0\ufe0f Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i logic c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • D\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ma qu\u00e1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
      • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kho kh\u00e1c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hay \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u00e0 b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i b\u00ean trong ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 khi tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

        S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c microservices. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, t\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd39 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh) x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft giao d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd39 T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc trong lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong kho \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

        \ud83d\udd0d Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng logic v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • DeMarco & Yourdon:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
        • Gane & Sarson:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song cho kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u1eabn gi\u1ed1ng nhau. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

          \ud83c\udfaf T\u00f3m t\u1eaft vai tr\u00f2<\/h2>\n

          X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vai tr\u00f2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean. N\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. N\u00f3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee5. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u s\u1ebd tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

          Khi xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho m\u1ed7i bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u201cLi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng?\u201d (Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh) hay \u201cLi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng?\u201d (Kho). N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u00e3y tinh ch\u1ec9nh nh\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[46],"tags":[40,45],"class_list":["post-569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-data-flow-diagram","tag-academic","tag-data-flow-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nKho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u1eefa kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. 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