{"id":567,"date":"2026-03-20T20:22:17","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T20:22:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/how-to-create-data-flow-diagram\/"},"modified":"2026-03-20T20:22:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T20:22:17","slug":"how-to-create-data-flow-diagram","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/how-to-create-data-flow-diagram\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Cartoon-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 DFD, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, DFD t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sa \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o DFD \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi, ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n quy tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd, t\u1ee7 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 h\u1ed9p th\u01b0 email. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u1edbng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1edf gi\u1eefa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sang m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n logic c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Ch\u1ecdn phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd8a\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

    C\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd DFD. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nYourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco<\/th>\nGane v\u00e0 Sarson<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n d\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean cong<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean cong<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Phong c\u00e1ch Yourdon v\u00e0 DeMarco th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169, trong khi Gane v\u00e0 Sarson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u phong c\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 0.<\/p>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n chi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n

    V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cTh\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e0nh vi\u00ean\u201d. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cY\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00e1ch\u201d \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u201cBi\u00ean lai m\u01b0\u1ee3n\u201d \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    Sau khi b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 1.<\/p>\n

    Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3<\/h3>\n
      \n
    1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con:<\/strong> H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. Nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n? H\u00e3y chia c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
    2. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi, h\u00e3y v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
    3. Tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n. Nh\u00e3n ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u00e3y d\u00f9ng \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cG\u1eedi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
    4. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 1 qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD c\u1ea5p 2. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec7 quy n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD. Vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p 0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh con. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p cao, tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft logic.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y sang th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh. Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
      • Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ra kh\u1ecfi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t kho kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt kho h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cChi ti\u1ebft h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

        Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng treo. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nowhere. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh giao nhau.<\/p>\n

        M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean trong su\u1ed1t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1eebng g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d \u1edf ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

        B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec theo th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 k\u1ef9 c\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

        Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

        T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft logic b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ecdt quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

        Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ef1c quan d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n, phong c\u00e1ch k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng tin, duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho ph\u1ea1m vi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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