{"id":551,"date":"2026-03-24T07:27:09","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/step-by-step-guide-to-drawing-data-flows\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:27:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:27:09","slug":"step-by-step-guide-to-drawing-data-flows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/step-by-step-guide-to-drawing-data-flows\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn DFD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft th\u00fac. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u? \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat hay m\u1edf b\u1ea3ng v\u1ebd, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n hay c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh logic. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u mang l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u1ef1c quan.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ecdi DFD \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. Nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

    1. Entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (Ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00edch)<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh (S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i)<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt bo g\u00f3c. M\u1ed7i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/p>\n

    3. Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef)<\/h3>\n

    Kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau n\u00e0y. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ec7p tin ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt h\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng song song.<\/p>\n

    4. Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i)<\/h3>\n

    Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n th\u00f4ng tin. M\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i. M\u1ed7i lu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u00e3n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u201cChi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, trong khi \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 sai.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u00f4n trong t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m trong ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ranh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

    Thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin<\/h3>\n

    Xem x\u00e9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd mang t\u00ednh suy \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea5p cao. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c entiti b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 DFD n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh bong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho n\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tham gia. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cC\u1ed5ng thanh to\u00e1n\u201d.<\/li>\n
    3. V\u1ebd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh trung t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. Ghi nh\u00e3n m\u1ed7i m\u0169i t\u00ean v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i c\u1ea3 hai chi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n
    4. X\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn hay ch\u01b0a. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c minh xem c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0 (c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t) \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Sau khi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0. N\u00f3 chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Thay th\u1ebf quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh duy nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng 3 \u0111\u1ebfn 7 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh. Tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u00e2y l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u00edt v\u00ec s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
      2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u01a1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
      3. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra.<\/li>\n
      4. Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111ang v\u00e0o, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d \u0111ang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p 1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p cao h\u01a1n \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

        N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea5p 1. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/h3>\n
          \n
        • M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong>T\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sang quy tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u1ebd to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong>Khi b\u1ea1n chia m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con m\u1edbi. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>D\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch khi logic \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ean quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb theo sau b\u1edfi danh t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng,\u201d \u201cT\u00ednh thu\u1ebf,\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.\u201d \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u.\u201d S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

          T\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5m danh t\u1eeb. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cM\u00e3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng,\u201d \u201cH\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n,\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cBi\u00ean lai thanh to\u00e1n.\u201d Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u201cG\u1eedi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n\u201d v\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00f9ng \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cD\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.\u201d D\u00f9ng \u201cKho h\u00e0ng\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kho h\u00e0ng.\u201d Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i logic trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Quy t\u1eafc<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o kho t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Xu\u1ea5t ra kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb kho b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp kho tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Nh\u1eadp\/xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0103n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111en.\u201d M\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201cngu\u1ed3n ma thu\u1eadt.\u201d C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ch\u00e9o nhau c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9o nhau tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          X\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u2705<\/h2>\n

          Sau khi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 xong, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng<\/h3>\n

          So s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh cha v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra kh\u1ecfi quy tr\u00ecnh cha ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh con. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

          Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

          Xem x\u00e9t t\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed7i m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed7i quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i n\u00e0o b\u1ecb h\u1edf.<\/p>\n

          X\u00e1c minh t\u1eeb b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

          Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd theo d\u00f5i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng? Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

          B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 DFD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
          • C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i khi th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
          • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169:<\/strong>Gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c quan \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

            M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Khi lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin di chuy\u1ec3n qua m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hay nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ebd lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. 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