{"id":533,"date":"2026-03-26T09:49:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:49:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/applying-ooa-d-graduate-research-projects\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T09:49:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:49:22","slug":"applying-ooa-d-graduate-research-projects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/applying-ooa-d-graduate-research-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh: \u00c1p D\u1ee5ng OOA\/D trong C\u00e1c D\u1ef1 \u00c1n Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u Sau \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA\/D) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p OOA\/D v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111a h\u00ecnh trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c lu\u1eadn \u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

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\"Sketch-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u R\u00f5 C\u00e1c Kh\u00e1i Ni\u1ec7m C\u1ed1t L\u00f5i c\u1ee7a OOA\/D \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. N\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sang vi\u1ec7c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

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  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
  • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/em> h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ednh module.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong B\u1ed1i C\u1ea3nh Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, OOA\/D \u0111i xa h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    1.1 Khai th\u00e1c Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h3>\n

    B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u phi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady. Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
    • Ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c do m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 use case l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

      1.2 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Mi\u1ec1n \ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mi\u1ec1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 y t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3mB\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/em>, B\u00e1c s\u0129<\/em>, v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch h\u1eb9n<\/em>. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t B\u00e1c s\u0129<\/em> \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/th>\nT\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      L\u1edbp<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp<\/td>\nT\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1edbp<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tr\u00e1nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cao h\u1ecdc, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n enough \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trong khung th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

      2.1 M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh – Xem – \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (MVC), Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 vi m\u00f4. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • MVC:<\/strong>L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi logic giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li>\n
      • L\u1edbp:<\/strong>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n
      • H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5:<\/strong> H\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ghi ch\u00e9p l\u00fd do \u0111\u1eb1ng sau l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

        2.2 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u00e0nh vi \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

        C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c tranh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ra gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

        2.3 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u.<\/li>\n
        • L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OOA\/D v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

          3.1 Tr\u00e0n ph\u1ea1m vi \ud83d\udcc8<\/h3>\n

          R\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Khi b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra m\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt cao h\u1ecdc, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m. Th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

          Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00e9p n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai thay v\u00ec tri\u1ec3n khai ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

          3.2 Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a \ud83e\udde9<\/h3>\n

          Sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 chung chung. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o giao di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf. D\u00f9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

          Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc YAGNI (B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3). Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          3.3 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n

          M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong>Vi\u1ebft t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf song song v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau c\u00f9ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung cho v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

          Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83c\udf09<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u vi\u1ebft ra kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong bu\u1ed5i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

          4.1 Ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t \ud83d\udcca<\/h3>\n

          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ma tr\u1eadn truy xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • M\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: REQ-001<\/li>\n
          • Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf: L\u1edbp User<\/li>\n
          • M\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n: UserHandler.java<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u1ea5m lu\u1eadn v\u0103n. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau.<\/p>\n

            4.2 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udcc2<\/h3>\n

            Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

            L\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong m\u1ed9t kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

            Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \ud83e\uddea<\/h2>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Trong OOA\/D, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u1eebng l\u1edbp ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

            5.1 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83e\udde9<\/h3>\n

            Vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng logic b\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              5.2 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n

              Sau khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng, h\u00e3y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, h\u00e3y m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng t\u1ea3i cao.<\/p>\n

              Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2705<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/th>\nGhi ch\u00fa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\nPh\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              L\u00fd do thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              Ph\u1ea1m vi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\nX\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n\u2610<\/td>\nTr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m b\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
              • Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ph\u00e9p xu\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sang \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng PDF ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o lu\u1eadn v\u0103n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sinh m\u00e3:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o m\u00e3 khung t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eafng trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

                \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm t\u00f2i. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. S\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn v\u0103n cao h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc OOA\/D. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc suy ngh\u0129. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sau \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng OOA\/D trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc: M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[40,43],"class_list":["post-533","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng OOA\/D trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc: M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cao h\u1ecdc. 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