![\"Marker](\"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/ooa-vs-traditional-analysis-infographic-marker-style.jpg\"\/)
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\nHi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 1970. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u01b0u ti\u00ean logic v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n- T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi logic x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c b\u1edfi quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
- Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea5p cao th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
- Lu\u1ed3ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c thi th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd theo l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
- T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 mong manh trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA) \ud83d\udcbc<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, OOA t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra\u201d sang \u201cai l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>Duy\u1ec7t qua mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/th>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nX\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi logic<\/td>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00ednh module<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c module d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m<\/td>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che gi\u1ea5u ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n. Logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- OOA:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
\n- Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cao:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
- T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mainframe c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
OOA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
\n- Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, OOA x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00ednh modular c\u1ee7a OOA gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> OOA cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
\n- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra S\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt S\u1ed5 c\u00e1i\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn OOA:<\/strong> A
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 d\u01b0. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t TransactionHistory<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn OOA bao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OOA kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
\n- Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n tin v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 so v\u1edbi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- R\u1ee7i ro\u8026\u5408:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u8026\u5408 cao, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a bao \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n
\n- T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n
Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00eda sau trong khi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a OOA. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac module v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo th\u1eddi gian. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p th\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn OOA hay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 logic v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[40,43],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. 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Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u00f3 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd theo l\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c cao.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n- S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong>Chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
- T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 mong manh trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA) \ud83d\udcbc<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, OOA t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra\u201d sang \u201cai l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>Duy\u1ec7t qua mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/th>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nX\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi logic<\/td>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00ednh module<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c module d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m<\/td>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che gi\u1ea5u ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n. Logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- OOA:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
\n- Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cao:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
- T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mainframe c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
OOA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
\n- Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, OOA x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00ednh modular c\u1ee7a OOA gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> OOA cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
\n- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra S\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt S\u1ed5 c\u00e1i\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn OOA:<\/strong> A
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 d\u01b0. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t TransactionHistory<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn OOA bao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OOA kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
\n- Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n tin v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 so v\u1edbi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- R\u1ee7i ro\u8026\u5408:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u8026\u5408 cao, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a bao \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n
\n- T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n
Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00eda sau trong khi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a OOA. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac module v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo th\u1eddi gian. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p th\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn OOA hay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 logic v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[40,43],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
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S\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 logic l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt. Khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 mong manh trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA) \ud83d\udcbc<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Thay v\u00ec t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, OOA t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c quan h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n\n- Bao \u0111\u00f3ng:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng nhau b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ec5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
- K\u1ebf th\u1eeba:<\/strong>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110a h\u00ecnh:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra\u201d sang \u201cai l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>Duy\u1ec7t qua mi\u1ec1n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, T\u00ednh thu\u1ebf).<\/li>\n
- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n
\n\nT\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/th>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nQuy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nX\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi logic<\/td>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nT\u00ednh module<\/strong><\/td>\nC\u00e1c module d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m<\/td>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nQu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\nKh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nC\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/td>\nX\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n
Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 quy tr\u00ecnh chi ti\u1ebft. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p k\u1ebf th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0m.<\/li>\n
- Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA):<\/strong> M\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che gi\u1ea5u ph\u00eda sau m\u1ed9t giao di\u1ec7n. Logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u00ean trong ch\u00ednh l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n\n- Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- OOA:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. T\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n
\n- Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cao:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ra, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
- T\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169:<\/strong> L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mainframe c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
- M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
OOA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n
\n- Logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, OOA x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
- Giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
- B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, t\u00ednh modular c\u1ee7a OOA gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
- H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nh\u00f3m:<\/strong> OOA cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro xung \u0111\u1ed9t h\u01a1n, v\u00ec c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n
Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
\n- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e1c minh Thanh to\u00e1n\u201d nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra S\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u201d. N\u00f3 g\u1ecdi \u201cC\u1eadp nh\u1eadt S\u1ed5 c\u00e1i\u201d. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
- G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn OOA:<\/strong> A
Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 d\u01b0. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t TransactionHistory<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nC\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn OOA bao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OOA kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n
\n- Qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- Chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Truy\u1ec1n tin v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 so v\u1edbi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
- R\u1ee7i ro\u8026\u5408:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean\u8026\u5408 cao, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a bao \u0111\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a:<\/strong> T\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a k\u00e9m d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n
\n- T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc M\u1edf\/\u0110\u00f3ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n
- T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n
Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00eda sau trong khi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n
Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a OOA. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac module v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n
Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n
\n- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo th\u1eddi gian. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n\n- X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
- Xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ph\u00e9p th\u00edch \u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn OOA hay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 logic v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[40,43],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\n
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Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/object-oriented-analysis-vs-traditional-methods\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","og_description":"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. 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Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/object-oriented-analysis-vs-traditional-methods\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/object-oriented-analysis-vs-traditional-methods\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/object-oriented-analysis-vs-traditional-methods\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/03\/ooa-vs-traditional-analysis-infographic-marker-style.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2026\/03\/ooa-vs-traditional-analysis-infographic-marker-style.jpg","width":1664,"height":928},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/object-oriented-analysis-vs-traditional-methods\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/","name":"Visualize AI Vietnamese - Latest in AI & Software Innovation","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#organization","name":"Visualize AI Vietnamese - Latest in AI & Software Innovation","url":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/03\/visualize-ai-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/10\/2025\/03\/visualize-ai-logo.png","width":427,"height":98,"caption":"Visualize AI Vietnamese - Latest in AI & Software Innovation"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/person\/f4829e721c737d92932250d9d21d8952","name":"vpadmin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/56e0eb902506d9cea7c7e209205383146b8e81c0ef2eff693d9d5e0276b3d7e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/56e0eb902506d9cea7c7e209205383146b8e81c0ef2eff693d9d5e0276b3d7e3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"vpadmin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com"],"url":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/author\/vpadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a Use Case v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c). Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra\u201d sang \u201cai l\u00e0m g\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh ch\u00fang song song v\u1edbi nhau. B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n OOA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n Trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1eedi tin nh\u1eafn cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd tin nh\u1eafn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft logic n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn OOA bao \u0111\u00f3ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thanh to\u00e1n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng OOA kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n D\u00f9 ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00f4i khi tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00eda sau trong khi d\u00f9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a OOA. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u00e3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sang c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac module v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 theo th\u1eddi gian. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 l\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn OOA hay c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, cam k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 logic v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \ud83c\udd9a H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"So s\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 OOA so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[40,43],"class_list":["post-525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-object-oriented-analysis-and-design","tag-academic","tag-object-oriented-analysis-and-design"],"yoast_head":"\n\n
So s\u00e1nh hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n
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\n T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac)<\/th>\n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (OOA)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\n Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi logic<\/td>\n D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n T\u00ednh module<\/strong><\/td>\n C\u00e1c module d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0m<\/td>\n C\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1edbp<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/strong><\/td>\n Kh\u00f3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (DFD)<\/td>\n S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi<\/strong><\/td>\n X\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh<\/td>\n H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n
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Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h3>\n
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Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h3>\n
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B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n
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Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
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Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n
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Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u: Lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n thanh to\u00e1n<\/h3>\n
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Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t BankAccount<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ed1 d\u01b0. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t TransactionHistory<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Logic x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nThanh to\u00e1n<\/code> \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nhi\u1ec1u quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\nTh\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n
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C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n
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S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n
Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n
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Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n
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