{"id":686,"date":"2026-03-28T08:05:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T08:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/tw\/when-object-oriented-design-isnt-right\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T08:05:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T08:05:53","slug":"when-object-oriented-design-isnt-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.visualize-ai.com\/tw\/when-object-oriented-design-isnt-right\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7834\u9664\u8ff7\u601d\uff1a\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e26\u975e\u7e3d\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9078\u64c7"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n
\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

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    \n
  • \u6a21\u7d44\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u5c07\u8b8a\u66f4\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u5167\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u7834\u58de\u6574\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/li>\n
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    1. \u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u5c64\u7d1a<\/h3>\n

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      \n
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      2. \u795e\u4e4b\u7269\u4ef6\u53cd\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

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      \u795e\u4e4b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u63a5\u53d7\u8907\u96dc\u53c3\u6578\u4f46\u56de\u50b3\u7a7a\u503c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n
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        3. \u900f\u904e\u72c0\u614b\u7522\u751f\u904e\u5ea6\u8026\u5408<\/h3>\n

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          \n
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          \u4f55\u6642\u8a72\u5207\u63db\u7bc4\u5f0f<\/h3>\n

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            \n
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            \u5c0f\u578b\u898f\u6a21\u4e0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u7c21\u6f54\u6027 \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            \u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u89e3\u8a8d\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5c0f\u578b\u8173\u672c\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u70ba\u512a\u8d8a\u3002\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u7d50\u675f\u7684\u8173\u672c\u5f15\u5165\u985e\u5225\u548c\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u50f9\u503c\u3002 \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/p>\n

            \u6e1b\u5c11\u91cd\u8907\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc<\/h3>\n

            \u6bcf\u500b\u985e\u5225\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u69cb\u51fd\u5f0f\u3001\u89e3\u69cb\u51fd\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4ecb\u9762\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u91cd\u8907\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u6703\u6d88\u8017\u958b\u767c\u8005\u672c\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8b93\u4f60\u80fd\u5920\u76f4\u63a5\u64b0\u5beb\u51fd\u6578\u3001\u50b3\u905e\u53c3\u6578\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u57f7\u884c\u908f\u8f2f\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8acb\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5834\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8173\u672c\uff1a<\/strong> \u5076\u723e\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9077\u79fb\u6216\u6e05\u7406\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u8a2d\u5b9a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff1a<\/strong> \u8b80\u53d6\u6a94\u6848\u4e26\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5be6\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5eab\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u904b\u7b97\u6216\u5b57\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u5c0f\u578b\u5718\u968a\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027<\/h3>\n

              \u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u5718\u968a\u6216\u77ed\u671f\u5c08\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u985e\u5225\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u64d4\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u62d6\u6162\u958b\u767c\u9032\u5ea6\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5177\u7dda\u6027\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u65bc\u8ffd\u8e64\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u66f2\u7dda\u986f\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u7528\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u9a45\u52d5\u65b9\u6cd5 \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

              \u73fe\u4ee3\u8cc7\u6599\u5de5\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u6ce8\u7126\u9ede\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u8996\u70ba\u6d41\u800c\u975e\u7269\u4ef6\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u5316\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6eaf\u6e90\u8207\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u8a62\u8cac\u4efb\u5206\u96e2<\/h3>\n

              \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6eaf\u6e90\u5c07\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8b8a\u66f4\u90fd\u8a18\u9304\u70ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u5beb\u5165\u8207\u8b80\u53d6\u5206\u96e2\u3002\u5b83\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7269\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5951\u5408\u5ea6\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u7d71\u6a21\u578b\u8a66\u5716\u59cb\u7d42\u7dad\u6301\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u547d\u4ee4\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5177\u7a69\u5065\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u4ee5\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u5148\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08<\/h3>\n

              \u7576\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u5982\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6216 API \u5408\u7d04\uff09\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u5f37\u5236\u5c07\u8cc7\u6599\u653e\u5165\u7269\u4ef6\u985e\u5225\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u9019\u7a31\u70ba\u963b\u6297\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8cc7\u6599\u5177\u6709\u5c64\u6b21\u7d50\u69cb\u4e14\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5247\u5728\u8655\u7406\u524d\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u59cb\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982 JSON \u6216 XML\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u8f49\u63db\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u62bd\u8c61\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u6210\u672c \ud83c\udfce\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              \u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u6709\u4ee3\u50f9\u7684\u3002\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a9e\u8a00\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u52d5\u614b\u914d\u7f6e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u9084\u4f9d\u8cf4\u865b\u64ec\u65b9\u6cd5\u8abf\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u51fd\u6578\u547c\u53eb\u66f4\u6162\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u904b\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e26\u975e\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u958b\u92b7<\/h3>\n

              \u6bcf\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u5be6\u4f8b\u90fd\u651c\u5e36\u5143\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5728\u652f\u63f4\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u985e\u578b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u53c3\u8003\u8a08\u6578\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u9396\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5275\u5efa\u6578\u767e\u842c\u500b\u66ab\u6642\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u61c9\u4ed8\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5ef6\u9072\u7a81\u589e\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u865b\u64ec\u8abf\u5ea6\u5ef6\u9072<\/h3>\n

              \u591a\u578b\u8b93\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ecb\u9762\u547c\u53eb\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u671f\u67e5\u627e\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u4f4d\u5740\u3002\u5728\u7dca\u5bc6\u8ff4\u5708\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u6703\u62d6\u6162\u57f7\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u901f\u5ea6\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u50be\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u975c\u614b\u7e6b\u7d50\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u51fd\u6578\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5718\u968a\u52d5\u614b\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377 \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n

              \u67b6\u69cb\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff1b\u5b83\u4e5f\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u6b63\u78ba\u4f46\u5c0d\u5718\u968a\u800c\u8a00\u904e\u65bc\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u96e3\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5931\u6557\u3002\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a2d\u8a08\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5718\u968a\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u5be6\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5b78\u7fd2\u66f2\u7dda<\/h3>\n

              \u8cc7\u6df1\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u7d93\u5e38\u5728\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a2d\u8a08\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u5982\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6ce8\u5165\u3001\u4ecb\u9762\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u985e\uff09\u4e0a\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5718\u968a\u898f\u6a21\u5c0f\u6216\u6210\u54e1\u983b\u7e41\u66f4\u66ff\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u5f15\u5165\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f\u6216\u51fd\u6578\u5f0f\u98a8\u683c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u4f4e\u7684\u5165\u9580\u9580\u6abb\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u5beb\u8207\u65b0\u6210\u54e1\u878d\u5165<\/h3>\n

              \u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u6a39\u96e3\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u5316\u3002\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u5718\u968a\u7684\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u7e7c\u627f\u5c64\u6b21\u624d\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u5e73\u5766\u7d50\u69cb\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u80fd\u6e1b\u5c11\u65b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u878d\u5165\u6240\u9700\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u4fc3\u9032\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6bd4\u8f03\u67b6\u69cb\u98a8\u683c \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

              \u70ba\u5e6b\u52a9\u76f4\u89c0\u7406\u89e3\u53d6\u6368\uff0c\u8acb\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8f03\u8868\u683c\u3002\u6b64\u8868\u683c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6bcf\u7a2e\u98a8\u683c\u7684\u512a\u52e2\u8207\u5f31\u9ede\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u98a8\u683c<\/th>\n\u6700\u4f73\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5883<\/th>\n\u4e3b\u8981\u9650\u5236<\/th>\n\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              \u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411<\/strong><\/td>\n\u5177\u6709\u72c0\u614b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5546\u696d\u908f\u8f2f<\/td>\n\u904e\u5ea6\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u6df1\u5c64\u7e7c\u627f<\/td>\n\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u51fd\u6578\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u904b\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u4e26\u767c<\/td>\n\u72c0\u614b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u66f2\u7dda<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\n\u8173\u672c\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5be6\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f<\/td>\n\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u554f\u984c<\/td>\n\u4f4e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8cc7\u6599\u9a45\u52d5<\/strong><\/td>\n\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001ETL \u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u9700\u8981\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u7b49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u8acb\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e26\u7121\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7a2e\u98a8\u683c\u7d55\u5c0d\u512a\u8d8a\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u6700\u70ba\u5be6\u7528\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u7d44\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5408\u9069\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6c7a\u7b56 \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n

              \u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u5224\u65b7\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08OOD\uff09\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u4f60\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5c08\u6848\uff1f\u9996\u5148\u61c9\u91dd\u5c0d\u9818\u57df\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u63d0\u51fa\u5177\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

                \n
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